Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• strain, expressed as GF = [(R − R0)/R0]/ε. Here, R represents the resistance observed during stretching, R0 denotes the initial resistance, and ε signifies the magnitude of the mechanical strain applied.) This versatile sensor not only accurately detects small physiological signals such as human joint

• gauge factor of 107, a broad strain range of 300%, a rapid response time of 158 ms, minimal hysteresis, and outstanding durability. (The GF serves as a means to assess the sensitivity of stretchable strain sensors; it is defined as the ratio of the relative change in resistance to the applied mechanical

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• brief description of the material aspect, while stability corresponds to the observed overall resistance of the material to mechanical strain. Biological viability focuses on the survival state of the encapsulated biological entities. Both yeast and cyanobacteria release gases as products of their

Piezoelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical strain measurement

• Zafar Javed,
• Lybah Rafiq,
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer,
• Saqib Siddiqui,
• Muhammad Babar Ramzan,
• Muhammad Qamar Khan and
• Muhammad Salman Naeem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 192–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.14

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• the nanometer scale in form of nanoparticles, nanorods, nanofibers, nanoarrays, and nanosheets, which are more tolerant to dilative stress [75][76]. In addition, these nanostructures can be incorporated into a flexible carbon matrix for further accommodation of mechanical strain (Figure 10A) [74][77

Piezotronic effect in AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction nanowires used as a flexible strain sensor

• Jianqi Dong,
• Liang Chen,
• Yuqing Yang and
• Xingfu Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1847–1853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.166

• mechanical strain changes the concentration of the 2DEG at the heterojunction interface by changing the polarization charge distribution. This, in turn, influences the output current signal of the piezotronic strain sensor. Conclusion AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction NWs with controllable size were prepared by a

Out-of-plane surface patterning by subsurface processing of polymer substrates with focused ion beams

• Serguei Chiriaev,
• Luciana Tavares,
• Vadzim Adashkevich,
• Arkadiusz J. Goszczak and
• Horst-Günter Rubahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1693–1703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.151

• irradiation-induced mechanical strain in the patterning process are elaborated and discussed. Keywords: direct patterning; focused helium ion beam; out-of-plane nanopatterning; polymers; thin films; Introduction Micro- and nanofabrication with focused ion beams (FIBs) is currently a subject of strong

• , we assume that the structural transformations in the irradiated PDMS material depend on the mechanical strain induced in the irradiated polymer volume by the compacting process. In this case, the strain accumulates with the irradiation fluence and, at a certain fluence value, it reaches a threshold

• were observed in Pt60Pd40-coated PDMS samples irradiated with He+ ions. The formation of complex surface shapes in this case is attributed to the inherent elasticity of the PDMS material. The transition from polymer compacting to polymer swelling is explained by the irradiation-induced mechanical

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• Paris Cité, LSPM CNRS UPR-3407, 99, Av. J. B. Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France 10.3762/bjnano.10.116 Abstract Background: In extrinsically magnetoelectric materials made of two components, the direct magnetoelectric coupling arises from a mechanical strain transmission at the interface due to the

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• , Austria 10.3762/bjnano.9.280 Abstract The mechanical strain response of nanoporous palladium (npPd) upon electrochemical hydrogenation using an in situ dilatometric technique is investigated. NpPd with an average ligament diameter of approximately 20 nm is produced via electrochemical dealloying. A

Improving the catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution of monolayered SnSe_2(1−x)S_2x by mechanical strain

• Sha Dong and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1820–1827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.173

• activity of the SnSe2(1-x)S2x monolayer. Keywords: density functional theory (DFT); electronic properties; hydrogen evolution reaction; mechanical strain; SnSe2(1−x)S2x monolayer; Introduction Hydrogen is a clean energy source with outstanding properties such as high specific energy per mass, easy

• moves closer to the Fermi level. The number of electronic states near the Fermi energy increased with the increasing of tensile mechanical strain, thereby boosting the supply of electrons to the adsorption sites and thus improving the catalytic activity [59]. Figure 5 shows the band structures for SnSeS

• for SnS2. The band gap of a SnSe2(1−x)S2x monolayer can be further tuned by applying mechanical strain. Although the basal plane of SnSe2(1−x)S2x monolayer is inert for HER, the mechanical tensile strain provides a direct means to improve the catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction of SnSe2

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Jana Andzane and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

• mechanical strain [124][125], their electrical breakdown and mass loss caused by field evaporation [126]. Graphene: For fabricating NEM switches, monolayer [24][25][26][27] as well as few-layer [28][29][30][31] graphene materials are used. The mechanical properties are decisive for selecting the number of

Graphene–polymer coating for the realization of strain sensors

• Carmela Bonavolontà,
• Carla Aramo,
• Massimo Valentino,
• Giampiero Pepe,
• Sergio De Nicola,
• Gianfranco Carotenuto,
• Angela Longo,
• Mariano Palomba,
• Simone Boccardi and
• Carosena Meola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 21–27, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.3

• the gauge factor (GF), that is, the ratio of the relative change in electrical resistance, R, to the mechanical strain, ε, namely the GF is given as ΔR/(εR0), where R0 is the unstrained resistance. The values of GF for graphene range from 1.9–2.4 [2][3]. The GF has been considerably improved by using

Microwave synthesis of high-quality and uniform 4 nm ZnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals for application in energy storage and nanomagnetics

• Christian Suchomski,
• Ben Breitung,
• Ralf Witte,
• Michael Knapp,
• Sondes Bauer,
• Tilo Baumbach,
• Christian Reitz and
• Torsten Brezesinski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1350–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.126

• with Li are accompanied by significant volume changes (mechanical strain), which may result in pulverization of the active material (formation of reactive surfaces) and poor cycling performance. In addition, there is usually a large hysteresis between charge and discharge, which adversely affects the

High-bandwidth multimode self-sensing in bimodal atomic force microscopy

• Michael G. Ruppert and
• S. O. Reza Moheimani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 284–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.26

• constant electrical field (electrodes short-circuited) and constant stress (electrodes open-circuited), respectively. Here, Equation 1 states that the total strain is the sum of the mechanical strain due to mechanical stress (passive) and the strain caused by applying an electrical field (active) and

• the quality factor Qi, natural frequency ωi and gain αi. Similarly, when a piezoelectric transducer is subjected to mechanical strain it becomes electrically polarized, producing a charge on the surface of the material, described by Equation 10. This direct piezoelectric effect can be modeled as a

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering by colloidal CdSe nanocrystal submonolayers fabricated by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Larisa L. Sveshnikova,
• Tatyana A. Duda,
• Ekaterina E. Rodyakina,
• Volodymyr M. Dzhagan,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Sergey L. Veber,
• Cameliu Himcinschi,
• Alexander V. Latyshev and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2388–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.245

• . From one side, colloidal CdSe NCs are already used in commercial applications [31]. The information on the crystal structure of the NCs, their size, shape, and mechanical strain (which can be derived from the frequencies of the Raman phonon modes as seen in SERS spectra) is crucial for device

Nitrogen-doped graphene films from chemical vapor deposition of pyridine: influence of process parameters on the electrical and optical properties

• Andrea Capasso,
• Theodoros Dikonimos,
• Francesca Sarto,
• Alessio Tamburrano,
• Giovanni De Bellis,
• Maria Sabrina Sarto,
• Giuliana Faggio,
• Angela Malara,
• Giacomo Messina and
• Nicola Lisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2028–2038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.206

• crystallinity and mechanical strain were investigated using Raman spectroscopy, with a HORIBA Scientific LabRAM HR Evolution Raman spectrometer with an integrated Olympus BX41 microscope. Laser excitation wavelength of 532 nm (2.33 eV) was focused on the sample surface using a 100× objective with a spot size of

Can molecular projected density of states (PDOS) be systematically used in electronic conductance analysis?

• Tonatiuh Rangel,
• Gian-Marco Rignanese and
• Valerio Olevano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1247–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.128

• molecular junctions in laboratories, such as electromigration methods, mechanical strain and scanning tunneling microscopy to open small gaps between gold leads that can host (with a small but non-negligible probability) single molecules from a wetting solution [1][2][3]. The complete characterization of

Multiscale modeling of lithium ion batteries: thermal aspects

• Arnulf Latz and
• Jochen Zausch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 987–1007, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.102

• energy φH. The influence of magnetic fields on batteries is usually neglected. For the purpose of this article, we are also not interested in the calculation of mechanical strain of active particles. Therefore, the free energy density can be written as If phase-changing materials are described, this free

Two-dimensional and tubular structures of misfit compounds: Structural and electronic properties

• Tommy Lorenz,
• Jan-Ole Joswig and
• Gotthard Seifert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2171–2178, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.226

• slightly positive (see Figure 5 in [44]). SiOx-coated carbon nanotubes In 2002, carbon–SiOx-based nanocomposites were synthesized [27][28]. Although these structures differ significantly from the discussed misfit compounds, the two host lattices adjust and the mechanical strain is reduced by a spontaneous

Impact of thermal frequency drift on highest precision force microscopy using quartz-based force sensors at low temperatures

• Florian Pielmeier,
• Daniel Meuer,
• Daniel Schmid,
• Christoph Strunk and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 407–412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.48

• point of the beam, where the mechanical strain is highest, is now further away from the glued part as in case of tuning fork based qPlus sensors, see Figure 1. With the qPlus sensors of type Ct, Q values exceeding 1,300,000 have been achieved [6]. The design of sensor Ct is based on an analysis of the

Electronic and transport properties of kinked graphene

• Jesper Toft Rasmussen,
• Tue Gunst,
• Peter Bøggild,
• Antti-Pekka Jauho and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 103–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.12

• sheet (as in Figure 1a). Thus, we conclude that the lowering of the adsorption barrier for the moderate RoC of about 20 Å is mainly due to the mechanical strain in the bend shifting the carbon atoms out of the graphene plane in the direction of the hydrogen. We note that an additional increase in

Focused electron beam induced deposition: A perspective

• Michael Huth,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Schwalb,
• Marcel Winhold,
• Roland Sachser,
• Maja Dukic,
• Jonathan Adams and
• Georg Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 597–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.70

• continuously tuned over a wide range. This provides unique access to the transport properties of this material close to the insulator-to-metal transition. In the last part of the review, recent developments in mechanical strain-sensing and the detection of small, inhomogeneous magnetic fields by employing

Lifetime analysis of individual-atom contacts and crossover to geometric-shell structures in unstrained silver nanowires

• Christian Obermair,
• Holger Kuhn and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 740–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.81

• mechanical strain, this explains the observation that electrochemically deposited silver junctions exhibit a dominance of geometric-shell effects beginning at much lower conductance levels or contact radii than in corresponding experiments with mechanical break junctions, leading to a crossover as early as 6